# uproot.TTree

Defined in uproot.behaviors.TTree on line 12.

Inheritance order:
uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches `collections.abc.Mapping` `collections.abc.Collection` `collections.abc.Sized` `collections.abc.Iterable` `collections.abc.Container`

class uproot.behaviors.TTree.TTree

  Behaviors for a `TTree`, which mostly consist of array-reading methods.

  Since a uproot.TTree is a uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches, it is also a Python `Mapping`, which uses square bracket syntax to extract subbranches:

      my_tree["branch"]
      my_tree["branch"]["subbranch"]
      my_tree["branch/subbranch"]
      my_tree["branch/subbranch/subsubbranch"]

## name

TTree.name

  Name of the `TTree`.

## title

TTree.title

  Title of the `TTree`.

## object_path

TTree.object_path

  Object path of the `TTree`.

## cache_key

TTree.cache_key

  String that uniquely specifies this `TTree` in its path, to use as part of object and array cache keys.

## num_entries

TTree.num_entries

  The number of entries in the `TTree`, as reported by `fEntries`.

  In principle, this could disagree with the num_entries, which is from the `TBranch`’s `fEntries`. See that method’s documentation for yet more ways the number of entries could, in principle, be inconsistent.

## tree

TTree.tree

  Returns `self` because this is a `TTree`.

## compressed_bytes

TTree.compressed_bytes

  The number of compressed bytes in all `TBaskets` of all `TBranches` of this `TTree`, including all the TKey headers (which are always uncompressed).

  This information is specified in the `TTree` metadata (`fZipBytes`) and can be determined without reading any additional data.

## uncompressed_bytes

TTree.uncompressed_bytes

  The number of uncompressed bytes in all `TBaskets` of all `TBranches` of this `TTree`, including all the TKey headers.

  This information is specified in the `TTree` metadata (`fTotBytes`) and can be determined without reading any additional data.

## compression_ratio

TTree.compression_ratio

  The number of uncompressed bytes divided by the number of compressed bytes for this `TTree`.

  See compressed_bytes and uncompressed_bytes.

## aliases

TTree.aliases

  The `TTree`’s `fAliases`, which are used as the `aliases` argument to arrays, iterate, uproot.iterate, and uproot.concatenate if one is not given.

  The return type is always a dict of str → str, even if there are no aliases (an empty dict).

## chunk

TTree.chunk

  The uproot.source.chunk.Chunk from which this `TTree` was read (as a strong, not weak, reference).

  The reason the chunk is retained is to read embedded_baskets only if necessary (if the file was opened with `options["minimal_ttree_metadata"]=True`, the reading of these `TBaskets` is deferred until they are accessed).

  Holding a strong reference to a chunk holds a strong reference to its uproot.source.chunk.Source, preventing open file handles from going out of scope, but so does the uproot.ReadOnlyFile that `TTree` needs to read data on demand.

## postprocess

TTree.postprocess(chunk, cursor, context, file)

## branches

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.branches

  The list of uproot.TBranch directly under this uproot.TTree or uproot.TBranch (i.e. not recursive).

## show

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.show(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True, full_paths=True, name_width=20, typename_width=24, interpretation_width=30, stream=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='utf-8'>)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, recursively descend into the branches’ branches.

    - full_paths (bool) – If True, include the full path to each subbranch with slashes (`/`); otherwise, use the descendant’s name as the display name.

    - name_width (int) – Number of characters to reserve for the `TBranch` names.

    - typename_width (int) – Number of characters to reserve for the C++ typenames.

    - interpretation_width (int) – Number of characters to reserve for the uproot.interpretation.Interpretation displays.

    - stream (object with a `write(str)` method) – Stream to write the output to.

  Interactively display the `TBranches`.

  For example,

      name                 | typename             | interpretation
      ---------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------
      event_number         | int32_t              | AsDtype('>i4')
      trigger_isomu24      | bool                 | AsDtype('bool')
      eventweight          | float                | AsDtype('>f4')
      MET                  | TVector2             | AsStridedObjects(Model_TVector2_v3
      jetp4                | std::vector<TLorentz | AsJagged(AsStridedObjects(Model_TL
      jetbtag              | std::vector<float>   | AsJagged(AsDtype('>f4'), header_by
      jetid                | std::vector<bool>    | AsJagged(AsDtype('bool'), header_b

## arrays

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.arrays(expressions=None, cut=None, *, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, aliases=None, language=uproot.language.python.PythonLanguage(), entry_start=None, entry_stop=None, decompression_executor=None, interpretation_executor=None, array_cache='inherit', library='ak', ak_add_doc=False, how=None)
  Parameters:

    - expressions (None, str, or list of str) – Names of `TBranches` or aliases to convert to arrays or mathematical expressions of them. Uses the `language` to evaluate. If None, all `TBranches` selected by the filters are included.

    - cut (None or str) – If not None, this expression filters all of the `expressions`.

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. If the function returns False or None, the `TBranch` is excluded; if the function returns True, it is included with its standard interpretation; if an uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, this interpretation overrules the standard one.

    - aliases (None or dict of str → str) – Mathematical expressions that can be used in `expressions` or other aliases (without cycles). Uses the `language` engine to evaluate. If None, only the aliases are available.

    - language (uproot.language.Language) – Language used to interpret the `expressions` and `aliases`.

    - entry_start (None or int) – The first entry to include. If None, start at zero. If negative, count from the end, like a Python slice.

    - entry_stop (None or int) – The first entry to exclude (i.e. one greater than the last entry to include). If None, stop at num_entries. If negative, count from the end, like a Python slice.

    - decompression_executor (None or Executor with a `submit` method) – The executor that is used to decompress `TBaskets`; if None, the file’s decompression_executor is used.

    - interpretation_executor (None or Executor with a `submit` method) – The executor that is used to interpret uncompressed `TBasket` data as arrays; if None, the file’s interpretation_executor is used.

    - array_cache ("inherit", None, MutableMapping, or memory size) – Cache of arrays; if “inherit”, use the file’s cache; if None, do not use a cache; if a memory size, create a new cache of this size.

    - library (str or uproot.interpretation.library.Library) – The library that is used to represent arrays. Options are `"np"` for NumPy, `"ak"` for Awkward Array, and `"pd"` for Pandas.

    - ak_add_doc (bool | dict) – If True and `library="ak"`, add the TBranch `title` to the Awkward `__doc__` parameter of the array. if dict = {key:value} and `library="ak"`, add the TBranch `value` to the Awkward `key` parameter of the array.

    - how (None, str, or container type) – Library-dependent instructions for grouping. The only recognized container types are `tuple`, `list`, and `dict`. Note that the container type itself must be passed as `how`, not an instance of that type (i.e. `how=tuple`, not `how=()`).

  Returns a group of arrays from the `TTree`.

  For example:

      >>> my_tree["x"].array()
      <Array [-41.2, 35.1, 35.1, ... 32.4, 32.5] type='2304 * float64'>
      >>> my_tree["y"].array()
      <Array [17.4, -16.6, -16.6, ... 1.2, 1.2, 1.2] type='2304 * float64'>

  See also array to read a single `TBranch` as an array.

  See also iterate to iterate over the array in contiguous ranges of entries.

## iterate

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.iterate(expressions=None, cut=None, *, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, aliases=None, language=uproot.language.python.PythonLanguage(), entry_start=None, entry_stop=None, step_size='100 MB', decompression_executor=None, interpretation_executor=None, library='ak', ak_add_doc=False, how=None, report=False)
  Parameters:

    - expressions (None, str, or list of str) – Names of `TBranches` or aliases to convert to arrays or mathematical expressions of them. Uses the `language` to evaluate. If None, all `TBranches` selected by the filters are included.

    - cut (None or str) – If not None, this expression filters all of the `expressions`.

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. If the function returns False or None, the `TBranch` is excluded; if the function returns True, it is included with its standard interpretation; if an uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, this interpretation overrules the standard one.

    - aliases (None or dict of str → str) – Mathematical expressions that can be used in `expressions` or other aliases (without cycles). Uses the `language` engine to evaluate. If None, only the aliases are available.

    - language (uproot.language.Language) – Language used to interpret the `expressions` and `aliases`.

    - entry_start (None or int) – The first entry to include. If None, start at zero. If negative, count from the end, like a Python slice.

    - entry_stop (None or int) – The first entry to exclude (i.e. one greater than the last entry to include). If None, stop at num_entries. If negative, count from the end, like a Python slice.

    - step_size (int or str) – If an integer, the maximum number of entries to include in each iteration step; if a string, the maximum memory size to include. The string must be a number followed by a memory unit, such as “100 MB”.

    - decompression_executor (None or Executor with a `submit` method) – The executor that is used to decompress `TBaskets`; if None, the file’s decompression_executor is used.

    - interpretation_executor (None or Executor with a `submit` method) – The executor that is used to interpret uncompressed `TBasket` data as arrays; if None, the file’s interpretation_executor is used.

    - library (str or uproot.interpretation.library.Library) – The library that is used to represent arrays. Options are `"np"` for NumPy, `"ak"` for Awkward Array, and `"pd"` for Pandas.

    - ak_add_doc (bool | dict) – If True and `library="ak"`, add the TBranch `title` to the Awkward `__doc__` parameter of the array. if dict = {key:value} and `library="ak"`, add the TBranch `value` to the Awkward `key` parameter of the array.

    - how (None, str, or container type) – Library-dependent instructions for grouping. The only recognized container types are `tuple`, `list`, and `dict`. Note that the container type itself must be passed as `how`, not an instance of that type (i.e. `how=tuple`, not `how=()`).

    - report (bool) – If True, this generator yields (arrays, uproot.behaviors.TBranch.Report) pairs; if False, it only yields arrays. The report has data about the `TFile`, `TTree`, and global and local entry ranges.

  Iterates through contiguous chunks of entries from the `TTree`.

  For example:

      >>> for array in tree.iterate(["x", "y"], step_size=100):
      ...     # each of the following have 100 entries
      ...     array["x"], array["y"]

  See also arrays to read everything in a single step, without iteration.

  See also uproot.iterate to iterate over many files.

## keys

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.keys(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True, full_paths=True, ignore_duplicates=False)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, descend into any nested subbranches. If False, only return the names of branches directly accessible under this object.

    - full_paths (bool) – If True, include the full path to each subbranch with slashes (`/`); otherwise, use the descendant’s name as the output name.

    - ignore_duplicates (bool) – If True, return a set of the keys; otherwise, return the full list of keys.

  Returns the names of the subbranches as a list of strings.

## values

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.values(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, descend into any nested subbranches. If False, only return branches that are directly accessible under this object.

  Returns the subbranches as a list of uproot.TBranch.

  (Note: with `recursive=False`, this is the same as branches.)

## items

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.items(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True, full_paths=True)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, descend into any nested subbranches. If False, only return (name, branch) pairs for branches directly accessible under this object.

    - full_paths (bool) – If True, include the full path to each subbranch with slashes (`/`) in the name; otherwise, use the descendant’s name as the name without modification.

  Returns (name, branch) pairs of the subbranches as a list of 2-tuples of (str, uproot.TBranch).

## typenames

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.typenames(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True, full_paths=True)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, descend into any nested subbranches. If False, only return (name, typename) pairs for branches directly accessible under this object.

    - full_paths (bool) – If True, include the full path to each subbranch with slashes (`/`) in the name; otherwise, use the descendant’s name as the name without modification.

  Returns (name, typename) pairs of the subbranches as a dict of str → str.

## iterkeys

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.iterkeys(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True, full_paths=True, ignore_duplicates=False)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, descend into any nested subbranches. If False, only return the names of branches directly accessible under this object.

    - full_paths (bool) – If True, include the full path to each subbranch with slashes (`/`); otherwise, use the descendant’s name as the output name.

    - ignore_duplicates (bool) – If True, return a set of the keys; otherwise, return the full list of keys.

  Returns the names of the subbranches as an iterator over strings.

## itervalues

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.itervalues(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, descend into any nested subbranches. If False, only return branches that are directly accessible under this object.

  Returns the subbranches as an iterator over uproot.TBranch.

  (Note: with `recursive=False`, this is the same as branches.)

## iteritems

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.iteritems(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True, full_paths=True, ignore_duplicates=False)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, descend into any nested subbranches. If False, only return (name, branch) pairs for branches directly accessible under this object.

    - full_paths (bool) – If True, include the full path to each subbranch with slashes (`/`) in the name; otherwise, use the descendant’s name as the name without modification.

    - ignore_duplicates (bool) – If True, return a set of the keys; otherwise, return the full list of keys.

  Returns (name, branch) pairs of the subbranches as an iterator over 2-tuples of (str, uproot.TBranch).

## itertypenames

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.itertypenames(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True, full_paths=True)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, descend into any nested subbranches. If False, only return (name, typename) pairs for branches directly accessible under this object.

    - full_paths (bool) – If True, include the full path to each subbranch with slashes (`/`) in the name; otherwise, use the descendant’s name as the name without modification.

  Returns (name, typename) pairs of the subbranches as an iterator over 2-tuples of (str, str).

## num_entries_for

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.num_entries_for(memory_size, expressions=None, cut=None, *, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, aliases=None, language=uproot.language.python.PythonLanguage(), entry_start=None, entry_stop=None)
  Parameters:

    - memory_size (int or str) – An integer is interpreted as a number of bytes and a string must be a number followed by a unit, such as “100 MB”.

    - expressions (None, str, or list of str) – Names of `TBranches` or aliases to convert to arrays or mathematical expressions of them. Uses the `language` to evaluate. If None, all `TBranches` selected by the filters are included.

    - cut (None or str) – If not None, this expression filters all of the `expressions`.

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - aliases (None or dict of str → str) – Mathematical expressions that can be used in `expressions` or other aliases (without cycles). Uses the `language` engine to evaluate. If None, only the aliases are available.

    - language (uproot.language.Language) – Language used to interpret the `expressions` and `aliases`.

    - entry_start (None or int) – The first entry to include. If None, start at zero. If negative, count from the end, like a Python slice.

    - entry_stop (None or int) – The first entry to exclude (i.e. one greater than the last entry to include). If None, stop at num_entries. If negative, count from the end, like a Python slice.

  Returns an approximate step size as a number of entries to read a given `memory_size` in each step.

  This method does not actually read the `TBranch` data or compute any expressions to arrive at its estimate. It only uses metadata from the already-loaded `TTree`; it only needs `language` to parse the expressions, not to evaluate them.

  In addition, the estimate is based on compressed `TBasket` sizes (the amount of data that would have to be read), not uncompressed `TBasket` sizes (the amount of data that the final arrays would use in memory, without considering `cuts`).

  This is the algorithm that iterate uses to convert a `step_size` expressed in memory units into a number of entries.

## common_entry_offsets

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.common_entry_offsets(*, filter_name=<function no_filter>, filter_typename=<function no_filter>, filter_branch=<function no_filter>, recursive=True)
  Parameters:

    - filter_name (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by name.

    - filter_typename (None, glob string, regex string in `"/pattern/i"` syntax, function of str → bool, or iterable of the above) – A filter to select `TBranches` by type.

    - filter_branch (None or function of uproot.TBranch → bool, uproot.interpretation.Interpretation, or None) – A filter to select `TBranches` using the full uproot.TBranch object. The `TBranch` is included if the function returns True, excluded if it returns False.

    - recursive (bool) – If True, descend into any nested subbranches. If False, only consider branches directly accessible under this object. (Only applies when `branches=None`.)

  Returns entry offsets in which `TBasket` boundaries align in the specified set of branches.

  If this uproot.TBranch has no subbranches, the output is identical to entry_offsets.

## source

Inherited from uproot.behaviors.TBranch.HasBranches.

TTree.source

  Returns the associated source of data for this container, if it exists

  Returns: uproot.source.chunk.Source or None